[29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. Example: The cult of personality often elevates a dictator to divine status. Dictatorship News, Research and Analysis - The Conversation Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Political system - Dictatorship | Britannica Totalitarian Countries 2023 - worldpopulationreview.com Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. [103], Military dictatorships remained prominent in Latin America during the Cold War, though the number of coups declined starting in the 1980s. Dictators usually resort to force or fraud to gain despotic political power, which they maintain through the use of intimidation, terror, and the suppression of basic civil liberties. Fakhrul calls on workers to stand against 'dictatorship' This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/dictatorship, dictatorship - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), dictatorship - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has inaugurated Turkey's first nuclear power plant via video link in his first public appearance since falling ill on live TV Tuesday night. That's because 'dictator' is a pejorative term assigned to certain rulers by other nations, particularly the developed nations of the West - that is, countries with thriving economies - such as the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and many others. Democracy Features & Examples | What is a Democratic Country? African nations such as Uganda and Zimbabwe; Asian nations such North Korea; Middle Eastern countries including Syria and Iran; South American countries like Venezuela; and a host of other nations throughout the world are recognized dictatorships with varying levels of corruption and brutality. [138], In the 20th century, most dictatorships held elections in which voters could only choose to support the dictatorship, with only one-quarter of partisan dictatorships permitting opposition candidates to participate. The dictatorship was established after the democratically elected socialist government of Salvador Allende was overthrown in a coup d'tat backed by the United States on 11 September 1973. 279 lessons. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. 16 Pros and Cons of Dictatorship - Vittana.org ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "5. The 69-year-old leader, who has sought to dispel concerns about his health weeks before a crucial election, has canceled several campaign stops. Most modern-day dictators rise to power for personal reasons, which are not usually benevolent or for the good of the country's citizens. Vladimir Putin's Russia is headed for a military dictatorship - and [125] One-party dictatorships are generally more stable and last longer than military or personalist dictatorships. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. 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[114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. Many dictatorships thrive on a cult of personality that results in the ruler being seen and even worshiped as a god. Dictatorship is a form of government characterized by the absolute rule of one person or a very small group of people who hold all political power. [115], The Middle East and Northern Africa did not undergo liberalization during the third wave of democratisation, and most countries in this region remain dictatorships in the 21st century. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. In the Aristotelian classification of government, there were two forms of rule by the few: aristocracy and its debased form, oligarchy. The term "dictatorship" comes from the Latin word "dictator." In modern times, it's not unusual to hear news stories about dictators being elected by their citizens, when in fact the elections are manipulated through intimidation of voters to ensure the dictator's victory. For example, in 19th century Latin America, various dictators came into power after central authority collapsed in the nations recently freed from Spanish colonial rule. North Korea's Power Structure - Council on Foreign Relations The country suffered for many years under his, His enemies accused him of establishing a, Today, Russia under President Vladimir Putin is an autocracy verging on military, Lest this only conjure up images of a repressive, The latter includes the now-defunct dark web market Hydra as well as North Koreas infamous Lazarus Group, a team of hackers that carries out sophisticated cyber and crypto robberies to support the, After seven brutal years in power, the Armed Forces finally withdrew from the Executive, allowing open elections in which Alfonsn handily took the popular vote with a mandate to investigate the crimes committed during the 1976-1983 military, Inevitably, during his life, Pel encountered problems: his commercial activities were sometimes mired in controversy; at one stage he was labeled a left-wing antagonist of the Brazilian government, then was later described as being too conservative in his views of the Brazilian, Chilean author Nona Fernndez grew up alongside the violence of the Pinochet, At least since the infamous dread pirate Captain Flint haunted the pages of Robert Louis Stevensons Treasure Island, pirate vessels have been treated in the popular imagination as floating, Post the Definition of dictatorship to Facebook, Share the Definition of dictatorship on Twitter. A dictatorship is a form of government in which most or all authority of the country is in the hands of a single individual; the leader. By definition, a dictatorship is an absolute authority in any sphere. Approximately ten percent of the countries in the world today are considered dictatorships. In democracies, the threat of a military coup is associated with the period immediately after a democracy's creation but prior to large-scale military reforms. The constitutional systems inherited from the colonial powers proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class; local traditions of autocratic rule retained a powerful influence; the army, one of the few organized forces in society, was also often the only force capable of maintaining order; and a tiny intellectual class was impatient for economic progress, frustrated by the lack of opportunity, and deeply influenced by the example of authoritarianism in other countries. Kim Jong-un is currently the Supreme Leader of North Korea. Dictators employ techniques of mass propaganda to sustain public support. Definition of Dictatorship Noun Absolute, imperious, or haughty power or control. Instead, dictators have ordinary titles such as president, emperor, great leader and similar monikers. Current leader Kim Jong-un has consolidated his power, purging . Unfortunately, dictatorships seldom usher in a nation's prosperity. During this time, the country was ruled by a military junta headed by General Augusto . However, over the years, these governments evolved into national leaders and were put in their position of power by nationalistic military officers. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. dictatorship, form of government in which one person or a small group possesses absolute power without effective constitutional limitations. They tended to ally with a particular social class and attempted either to maintain the interests of wealthy and privileged elites or institute far-reaching left-wing social reforms. In the new states of Africa and Asia after World War II, dictators quickly established themselves on the ruins of constitutional arrangements inherited from the Western colonial powers that had proved unworkable in the absence of a strong middle class and in the face of local traditions of autocratic rule. Difference Between Totalitarianism, Authoritarianism, Fascism - ThoughtCo Most dictatorship countries do not refer to their leader as a dictator, but rather as kings, presidents, prime ministers, etc. The term dictatorship comes from the Latin title dictator, which in the Roman Republic designated a temporary magistrate who was granted extraordinary powers in order to deal with state crises. [143], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. What Makes a Ruler a Dictator? Definition and List of Dictators - ThoughtCo [49] In an absolute monarchy, power is limited to the royal family, and legitimacy is established by historical factors. Leslie Beecher has been in the field of education for over 15 years serving as a tutor, teacher and instructional designer. Totalitarianism is a type of governmental system in which the government exerts a domineering level of control over the population. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. In very few cases, a small group of people holds this power, which is called an oligarchy. 18 Dictatorship Examples (2023) - Helpful Professor Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. [102] The stability of the Soviet Union weakened in the 1980s. One of the more dramatic examples of this kind of human rights abuse occurred in Myanmar in 2008. Alfred says, The crucial elements of both were the identification of the state with a single mass party and of the party with its charismatic leader, the use of an official ideology to legitimize and maintain the regime, the use of terror and propaganda to suppress dissent and stifle opposition, and the use of modern science and technology to control the economy and individual behaviour. In some of these countries, presidents and prime ministers captured personal power by banning opposition parties and building replicas of the one-party systems of the communist world. [118][119][120][121], Most dictatorships exist in countries with high levels of poverty. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. Today, dictators do not rise in response to an emergency and the position is not temporary. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. I feel like its a lifeline. [98] Several Middle Eastern countries were the subject of military coups in the 1950s and 1960s, including Iraq, Syria, North Yemen, and South Yemen. A dictator is an individual who forms a government where they make decisions without effective constitutional limitations. Totalitarianism is the most extreme form of authoritarianism and is considered an oppressive method of ruling a nation. . The modern caudillo proved to be less a provincial leader than a national one. Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez spoke out in support of the Israeli judicial reform protests in a video that was screened at the anti-judicial reform demonstrations in Tel Aviv on Saturday . The economic focus of a dictatorship often depends on the strength of the opposition, as a weaker opposition allows a dictator to extract additional wealth from the economy through corruption. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. On average, they last twice as long as military dictatorships, but not as long as one-party dictatorships. Dictatorship is an old form of government with origins in ancient Rome. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. | Examples and Characteristics. Unlike in the United States and other similar nations, the people living in a dictatorship have no rights of free speech, freedom of religion, a free press or even the right to hold an opinion in opposition to the ruler and ruling party. Direct Democracy Examples in World History | Pros & Cons, What is Constitutional Monarchy? To save this word, you'll need to log in. What is a Dictatorship? Definition, Feature & Characteristics Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Fascism, in its National Socialist form, was primarily a counterrevolutionary movement that mobilized middle- and lower middle-class groups to pursue nationalistic and militaristic goals and whose sole principle of organization was obedience to the Fhrer. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. It either lies with a single person or a small group of people. After a brief period of constitutional rule, each of the former Spanish colonies in the Americas experienced a collapse of effective national government. Make a poster, chart, or some other type of graphic organizer that shows the methods dictators use to control their people. Democracy Types, Principles & Examples | What is Democracy? Dictatorship. Hours after Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaid landed in Miami after being thrown out of Colombia, I talked with him extensively about Colombian President Gustavo Petro's initiative to . Personalist dictators may be members of the military or leaders of a political party, but neither the military nor the party exercises power independently from the dictator. Create your account, 20 chapters | dictator + -ship, as translation of Latin dicttra. To be considered a dictatorship means that a country is known to be run by one person without any checks and balances on his power. Nicolas Maduro Moros is a Venezuelan politician and has been the president of Venezuela since 2013. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1152037614. A dictatorship is a form of government where one person, or a small group of individuals, can make decisions without effective constitutional limitations. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. Current dictatorships include Russia, Equatorial New Guinea, and North Korea. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students.
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