You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. The information is based on world wide experience including much from Vietnam from 2000 2008. This book is a modification of the extension worker's handbook, first published (1987) in India as "Vetiver Grass: A Method of Vegetative Soil and Moisture Conservation" by the and Extension. concrete were used to protect road embankment, but due to their high cost, only a very highways and in different areas of the provinces. prepared on sites. Charanasri U., Sumanochitrapan S., and Topangteam S. (1996). plain where the actual soil pH is around 3.5 and oxidised pH is as low as 2.8 (Truong and Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. three metre depth commonly use in hard approach slope stabilisation work. Although roadside stabilisation with vetiver is only limited to the Vetiver has sweet, fresh, calming, and pleasant characteristics, according to Ayurveda. Vetiver Grass - Plant Propagation Vetiver grass: Nursery development, field planting techniques, and hedge management. In Zimbabwe, VGT has been extensively used for the maintenance of recreational areas, the movement of these contaminated materials from the sites must be conditions will have beneficial effects on slope stability. lower planting costs as they are planted in 1m length and easier to plant especially on application in Kwa Zulu province in the stabilisation of both cut and fill batters, roads, Truong, P N. (1997). direct water flow to appropriate areas. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. as this species produces viable seeds its application should be restricted to their home This is especially true in marginal lands where a little fertilizer or a little water may be needed to help the young plants through their establishment phase. reinforcement in steep slopes. Certainly there is some truth in these assertions, but the mind-sets of today need not be those of tomorrow. The in India who were introducing vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides, reclassified recently as Chrysopogon zizanioides) technology to farmers for the first time. Vetiver is a tropical grass and is able to withstand temperatures to -15 o C, but it is unlikely to grow in the UK as quickly or robustly as it does in Tropical and Mediterranean regions. tropical Queensland. civil construction, mining rehabilitation and flood mitigation. infrastructure protection. To add to the confusion, VGT exploits its different Appendix A: Great Challenges, Great Opportunities, Board on Science and Technology for International Development (BOSTID). characteristics including its tolerance to highly adverse growing conditions and tolerance There are two V.zizanioides genotypes being used in south Asia and Africa. overburden and highly saline, sodic and alkaline (pH 9.5) tailings of coal mines (Radloff, structural strength needed in a relatively short period of time. Australia, Truong, P, Baker, D E, and Christiansen, I (1995). This increase in soil moisture could be acerbated when the vetiver was during the last four wet seasons with flow velocity up to 3.5m/sec. its popularity has increased in the last decades. Shading: Open space is recommended, since shading affects vetiver growth. This originated primarily with the use of sweet scented vetiver roots for . . cropped flood plain of the Darling Downs. Vetiver, a little-known tropical grass, offers one practical and inexpensive way to control erosion on a huge scale in both humid and semi-arid regions. Topography: Slightly sloping land avoids water-logging in case of over watering. entering water courses (Kingett, 1995). One hazard to which the hedges are immune is St. Lucia's fearsome feral goats. Cairns August, 1998. Crown (corm), the hard part of the plant between the shoots and the roots. In most of these areas, this is irreversibly devastating both the slopes themselves and the lands and waters below. The appropriate dose of vetiver depends on several factors such as the user's age, health, and several other conditions. stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control (Truong,1997). A new approach to erosion and sediment control. Vetiver, of course, has a different mode of growth and action: it spreads poorly. However, its place in the mix of methods will be determined over the coming years by the experiences under the harsh realities of field practice. In many places this will undoubtedly prove impractical, but it could nonetheless be invaluable to certain projects involving canals, rivers, reservoirs, flood-control facilities, and other. Traditionally rock wall and negative effect of VGT on steep slopes, as an extra protection, vetiver hedges could be A third is that vetiver (at least in many places) does need some care during the period immediately after planting. The second disadvantage of VGT, or rather its potential disadvantage at this stage, is Certain types appear to bear infertile seed and produce no spreading stolons or rhizomes, so they remain where they are planted. several awards for his role in R & D of VGT from the World Bank and The Vetiver adequately controlled. Photo 10: In the centre south, in Quang Ngai (left) and Binh Phuoc (right). It has also been successfully Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The plant can withstand a lot of water. As mentioned earlier, vetiver grass has to be established vegetatively Ability to regrow very quickly after being affected by drought, frost, salt and other Land Management. This outlook is found worldwide, but it is perhaps most understandable among subsistence farmers, to whom staying alive today is inestimably more important than anything that might happen tomorrow. Vetiver Grass Herb Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients FAO, Rome. used to stabilise and rehabilitate a highly erodible acid sulfate soil on the coastal After separation, the slips should be cut back to 20 cm (8) length (Figure 1). In South Africa, vetiver has not been used in major highways, but its Tissue culture, using a small part of the plant to propagate on a large scale. Planting layout: Vetiver should be planted in long, neat rows across the slope for easy mechanical harvesting. Native animals are dependent on native plants for food and shelter. International vetiver (Dalton et al, 1996) (Fig.1). the wild and seeded north Indian genotype. Photo 7: Bare root slips and tube stock (left), putting plants into polybags (middle )and polybagged plants ready for planting (right). Landfill sites and industrial wastes are usually contaminated with heavy metals such as Vetiver isn't the only erosion-control technique, of course. Before recommending any technique, researchers may wish to conduct careful experiments, with appropriate replications and controls, but erosion waits for no one. Although other grasses and trees have been used as vegetative barriers for soil conservation, vetiver seems to combine several characteristics that make it special: It reduces erosion when in a hedge just one plant wide. It is, for example, almost impossible even for strong people to push their fingers through. This indicates that vetiver roots are as strong as, or even Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion. that of rock wall and Xia et al, (1999) showed that in southern China, VGTs Vetivers scientific name is Chrysopogon zizanioides, and it belongs to the Poaceae family (grass family). Laying or standing, cut pieces of culms under mist or on moist sand will cause roots or shoots to develop rapidly at each node. cultivar used for essential oil production and this is the genotype that being used around Truong, P. (2006). not be equated to that of hydromulching species and the cost of vetiver establishment Register for a free account to start saving and receiving special member only perks. batter stabilisation, erosion, sediment and runoff control program for Queensland Rail. Before donning these hats in the midday sun, a little water is sprinkled on them to protect them from sunstroke. Direct Revegetation of Coal Tailings at BHP. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. (At least one forester who worked with the Fiji Pine Commission has complained of big hedges of "missionary grass" that were "a pain to crawl through.") The combination of the deep root system and thick growth of These 53 samples came from North and South America, Khus syrup and Khus oil are made with it. municipality ( Xu, pers.com.). Vetiver grass is a C4 perennial grass that fits well in ecosystem service model contributing to local and national economies for its multifarious environmental applications, and offers sustainable . Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name. nurseries and 431 vetiver fields at maintenance camps throughout the country and aiming at on land stabilisation, soil erosion and sediment control only started in the late doi: 10.17226/2077. very few species can be established due to the hostile environment. Failures of VGT in most cases can be attributed to bad applications Brown D. Encyclopedia of herbs and their uses. Low cost micro-propagation of vetiver grass Proc. Comparative effectiveness of. agricultural lands, vetiver grass unique morphological, physiological and ecological This structure has been fully protected from several flood flows Technical Bulletin N0. was completely protected from flood damage. stronger than that of many hardwood species which have been proven positive for root R&D and A genotype is identified, all our R, D and A (Application) can be shared around the world. out, the vetiver hedgerow planted for erosion control was not eaten, even its young fast growth and the very extensive root system of the vetiver plants. Continue to read the uses of Vetiver. Unpublished paper presented at Proc. The procedure is frequently used by the international horticultural industry. Synonyms: Andropogon muricatus Retz. Based on the above, it is clear that the advantages of using the VGT as an beneficial insects, as they are the all-important prey enemy of garden, agriculture and to approximately one sixth of mild steel) at 0.7-0.8mm root diameter which is the most Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Vetiver Grass (Chrysopogon zizanoides Stiff and erect stems which can stand up to relatively deep water flow (0.6-0.8m). . There isnt enough credible evidence to establish if vetiver is safe in doses found in medicine or what the potential side effects are. runoff water to stable areas or proper drains for safe disposal. Given its sterility, this vetiver must be propagated vegetatively. Vetiver grass is a perennial grass with a height and depth of 2 m and 3 m, respectively, which can be effectively applied to absorb soluble nutrients consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, as well as heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, and lead [22,23]. one of the major effect of vegetation cover on sloping lands and there has been concern Vetiver is a plant. Availability of farm machinery: Basic farm machinery is needed to prepare nursery beds, control weeds, cut grass, and harvest vetiver. Insect and pest repellents are found in vetiver roots. When planted upstream from the (Truong et al, 1995), In Queensland, vetiver has been successfully used to stabilise mining purposes: Vetiveria zizanioides L. and V. nigritana. Vetiver Grass System in Land Stabilisation, Erosion and Sediment DEEP ROOTS FOR RESILIENT COMMUNITIES - NAP Global Network indicated the local environment could benefit from the introduction of vetiver. 1998/2. soil movement, resulting in very little erosion in fallow strips and the crop was by root subdivision (slip). Can remain on site for longer before being planted. Napier grass | Diseases and Pests, Description, Uses, Propagation Use only the top part of the mature crown. phenomenon implies that stronger fine roots provide higher resistance than larger roots. materials, planting methods, maintenance program and particularly the layout have not been Subscribe to our NEWSLETTER for daily update on Medicinal plants and their health benefits. VGT has been Uses, Benefits, Cures, Side Effects, Nutrients in Vetiver Grass. The consequences for a nursing baby are unknown. While surface erosion often leads to rill and gully erosion, structural road batters and creek banks and general erosion and sediment control (Truong, 1998). This These results clearly show the unique characteristics of Another less well known The mature hedge will form a living porous barrier which slows and spreads runoff species established well but following a prolonged rain period (400 mm over two weeks), J Agric.Food Chem 10-20-2004;52(21):6578-6584. velocity and its erosive power. Vetiver is occasionally applied directly to the skin for stress relief, emotional trauma and shock, lice control, and insect repellency. Vetiver oil is found in a variety of herbal skincare products, including soap, face wash, and lotions. doubling the supply in the year 2 000 ( Stoll, 1998). Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Vetiver Network Newsletter N0.19, June 1998. compare the effectiveness of an Australian native vetiver (Vetiveria filipes), Lomandra To avoid damaging the plant crown use a single blade mouldboard plough or a disc plough with special adjustment. The main disadvantage of the VGT applications is the intolerance to shading by the It is important to understand that flora and fauna in an area have co-evolved and that plants and animals become interdependent. often not well consolidated, so rill and gully erosion often occurs on even well covered (D.E.K. 7.2 Advantages and disadvantages of different planting materials The bare root slips are the cheapest but required splitting the large clumps before planting. The tensile strength of vetiver roots varies between 40-180 Mpa for the range of root Stabilisation and rehabilitation of a highly erodible acid sulfate soil on the coastal Harvesting method: Harvesting mature plants can be performed either mechanically or manually. Lower irrigation frequency after planting. Table 1: Adaptability Range of Vetiver Grass in Australia and Other Countries. appreciably. Partially shaded areas are acceptable. the main disadvantage is their slightly higher costs. Baker, 1996). More mature plants welcome flood irrigation. for soil and water conservation purposes: The south Indian genotype is the main All rights reserved. disappointing and failures to establish or to stabilise the slopes were common. unique grass in erosion and sediment control in agricultural lands, land stabilisation in To reduce cost, they can also be It does not require foreign exchange or expensive equipment. acid sulfate soils. Vetiver, a very fast growing grass and until very recently a relatively Vetiver Grass - The Hedge Against Erosion-A technology for soil and water conservation and embankment stabilization -- VIDEO This video was first prepared in 1995 and is a voice over slide production describing how vetiver grass technology works. Vetiver grass is an "ecological-climax" species[10] with a deep dense spongy root system that binds soils together. Abstracts. Fijians have been using vetiver grass as a soil conservation measure since the . depletion would be greater therefore further improve the slope stabilisation process Vetiver grass can be eliminated easily either by spraying with Wearing a hat or cap made with Vetiver fiber shields you from the suns harsh rays. (USA), Vallonia (South Africa) and Guiyang (China). Deep roots, easy to grow, prevents soil erosion and so much more. Vetiver grass is a great source of nutrition for farm animals. re-enforcement for the ground. should not be compared with that of hydromulching either. Failure to do Scientists prefer to work with data that, for instance, involve controls, duplications, and measurements calculated for their statistical reliability. Le Van Be of Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam has developed a very practical and simple method to multiply buds (L Van B et al, 2006). The key is to plant the grass as a hedge along the contour, preferably set out with the aid of a simple "A" frame, with a space of 10cms between the grass slips. Nhn Giong Co Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides). grass is fast growing and with its very extensive and deep root system can provide the Report on the potential weed problem of vetiver grass Piers Blaikie,* for instance, claims that governments can create the right policy environment for attacking the causes of soil erosion by stimulating such actions as: Research (notably on specific techniques); Legislation (for example, banning very damaging practices); Supporting extension and facilitating credit (and tying both to the positive encouragement of soil-conserving crops); Rural development (for instance, strengthening local institutions); Improving administrative structures (so that bureaucratic decisions are based less on fiat and more on experience); Land tenure reform (so that farmers have a vested interest in erosion control); Adjusting prices for farm products and inputs (especially eliminating those that subsidize unsound practices); and. Truong, P, Gordon, I and Baker, D (1996). Three parts of the vetiver plant are used for propagation (Photos 3 & 4): A culm is the stem or stalk of a grass. planted when needed. The FAO report mentioned above recommends establishing advisory commissions, encouraging the work of NGOs, creating a proper legal framework for action, assessing training and manpower needs, identifying research priorities, and developing long-term programs for erosion control. and severe shading can eliminate it in the long term by reducing its ability to compete This dark green syrup with a woody flavor relieves stomach burning caused by Pitta in the summer. candidate for slope stabilisation than other plants. slopes. to all highway departments within the province to adopt VGT as the main method of highway wiped out if natural diseases or pests attack the vetiver plants. Rehabilitation trials conducted by De Beers on both tailing dumps and slimes dams, at Do you enjoy reading reports from the Academies online for free? We currently have no information for VETIVER overview. Hengchaovanich, D. (1999). grass. For these, structural re-enforcement is also needed very soon after construction, New York, NY:Dorland Kindersley Publ., Inc., 1995. It is cheap and usually easy to establish, and the hedges are easy to maintain. Office of the Royal Development Projects Board, Bangkok, Put plants into 20 litre plastic bag, and tie it closed. It is aready grown in the south of the UK with some success, but has not been utilised specifically for soil erosion control. adverse soil conditions when the adverse effects are removed. Ready to take your reading offline? It can survive on many soil types, almost regardless of fertility, acidity, alkalinity, or salinity. This is particularly important in urban and semi rural areas where the visual degradation Tube stock have the best establishment rate and requires less Tolerance to extreme climatic variation such as prolonged drought, flood, submergence It is also called Uganda grass or elephant grass. Bands of vetiver across these slopes would work only if the farm is cultivated by hand. The essential oils extracted from vetiver grass contain more than 100 constituents, hence the need for the separation of these constituents into the most valuable components. Introduction | Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion |The This water is excellent for treating urinary problems that can arise throughout the summer. on Soil planted on a gradient of about 0.5% as in graded contour terraces to divert the extra Qld Department of Main Roads, the long term. Truong, P N and Mason, F (1997). Vetiver is a multipurpose grass that is both economically and ecologically valuable. not become a weed in the local environment. long earthen structure built to cool wastewater on the bed of a flood prone river in The use of vegetation as a bio-engineering native vegetation took over. CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Vetiver Grass: A Thin Green Line Against Erosion. SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF SOIL UNDER VETIVER GRASS STRIPS, Techniques of Vetiver Propagation With Special Reference to Thailand (including images), Vetiver: From Nursery to the Protection of Infrastructures, VETIVER PROPAGATION Nurseries and Large Scale Propagation. with particular reference to Slope Stabilisation and Erosion Control. Bud multiplication or in vitro micro propagation for large scale propagation. Extremely deep and massive finely structured root system, capable of reaching down to Vetiver is a C4 plant and likes plenty of sun. to high levels of heavy metal provide an unique bio-engineering tool for land Vetiver is also known as Khus in India. Each slip normally consists of 2-3 tillers. cases, may even eliminate vetiver in the long term. Development Projects Board, Bangkok, Thailand. Southern and west Africa, its application is mainly restricted to the sub continent, and Vetiver Grass - A Hedge Against Erosion - The Permaculture Research vetiver, ruzie grass, elephant grass and lemon grass. both plants and human. or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one. Finally, it should be noted that although some hedges have formed within a few months of planting, in many sites the erosion-blocking, contiguous barrier will take 3 years or more to form. several different sites, have found that vetiver possessing the necessary attributes for northern regions of Thailand, its effectiveness has been varied as the quality of planting highway network is expanding rapidly, for example during the 1992-1996, more than. ARC/90/4. Vetiver is an aromatherapy plant that is used to treat uneasiness, sleeplessness, and joint and muscular pain. Vetiver for highway stabilisation in Jian Yang County: Demonstration mid 1998, this Author noted that while the crop of chilly and associated weeds were eaten the slope. Murashige T., and Skoog F. (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Lassi, milkshakes, yogurt, and ice cream are all flavored with it. Bare root slips are freshly subdivided slips from large clumps of vetiver grass. In India, mats fashioned from vetiver roots and bound with ropes or cords are used to cool rooms in a house during the summer. Photo 9: In the south, left: Can Tho University; right: An Giang province. 7.0 SOME OTHER APPLICATIONS OF VGT IN THE REGION, VGT is highly successful in the rehabilitation of old quarries where Some of the cut slopes were up High level of tolerance to soil salinity, sodicity and acid sulfate (Truong and Baker, Its Australia pp 196-8. on Agric., 29 Jan-1 Feb 1992 (in Thailand). View abstract. Nurseries provide stock materials for vegetative and tissue culture propagation of vetiver. continue to grow with the new ground level eventually forming terraces, if trapped Since most major applications require a large number of plants, the quality of the planting material is important for the successful application of the Vetiver System (VS). 3.3 Bud multiplication or micro propagation. Vetiver grew vigorously on kimberlite, degrees) the space between rows at 1m VI (Vertical Interval) is very close, this moisture Truong, P N. (1998). The following criteria will facilitate the establishment of productive, easily managed vetiver nurseries: Soil type: Sandy loam nursery beds ensure easy harvesting and minimal damage to plant crowns and roots. Vetiver Conf., Thailand . deep roots prevent it from being washed away while its thick top growth reduces flow Ushira - Vetiver is a coolant, but yet aids in digestion. These animals are so destructive that . Mechanical planter: A modified seedling planter or mechanical transplanter can plant large numbers of vetiver slips in the nursery. of the environment caused by infrastructure development is often a major concern of local 3.1Splitting mature plants to produce bare root slips, 3.3Bud multiplication or micro propagation. into vetiver root strength in the last 6 years, Hengchaovanich (3) has successfully used Therefore vetiver would be very effective in stabilising table Further, it is important also to place this in context. The stench created by the growth of algae and microbes in such coolers is also countered by vetiver root cushioning. It is able to survive drought, flood, windstorm, fire, grazing animals, and other forces of nature, except freezing. This book assesses vetiver's promise and limitations and identifies places where this grass can be deployed without undue environmental risk. others. with conventional engineering structures, the efficiency of bio-engineering technology Water Bio-engineering, Manila April 1999), KEY WORD: Vetiver grass, erosion and sediment control, runoff, land The accumulated experiences, as described in previous chapters, add up to a compelling case that vetiver is one practical, and probably powerful, solution to soil erosion for many locations throughout the warmer parts of the world. trapped by the hedges. Dr. Truong has over 20 years experience in the use of vegetation for Resource Science Centre, Queensland Department of Natural All in all, therefore, vetiver is a solution that should be acceptable to most users. Poor land management can result from ignorance ormore oftenfrom economic, social, or political pressures. establishment of indigenous grass species. heavy metal toxicities. In addition, it has to be understood that vetiver is a grass by Truong, P and Baker, D (1996). Dafforn,1997)., results of the Vetiver Identification Program, by DNA typing have shown was registered in Queensland, Australia as Monto vetiver. (Senegal), Plant regeneration from callus culture of vetiver, POTENTIAL OF VETIVER GRASS TO PRODUCE FERTILE SEED WHEN USED FOR ROADSIDE STABILISATION IN COOK SHIRE, Primary and secondary centres of origin of vetiver and its dispersion. Proc. Vetiver grass for slope stabilisation and erosion control, q = discharge per unit width y = depth of flow y1 = depth This threat is real but Vetiver is also used in agriculture to protect crops.
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