The lower house, the Chamber of
Deputies, consists of 500 individuals elected to one, three-year term. Texcoco,this guy isnt related to the Herreras from Durango,hes from a town close to Culiacan.He started in the business in the late late 80s early 90s in San Diego.Thats where he learned to process meth,In Americas one time meth capitol of the world.He's NOT from Durango or Michoacan. This blow could have brought the cartels into an all out war, and it would have,
if not for the wisdom of Carrillo Fuentes. There are few
legitimate internal checks and balances to Mexican presidential power at
present. Did you know that this town in Durango has 653 inhabitants? The fact that
the American cocaine market is experiencing a sharp decline is certainly
complicating matters. 7. Again, the September 1999
arrests by U.S. officials of 93 Juarez cartel associates mentioned previously,
along with the loss of drug supplies and millions in currency will surely serve
to weaken the Juarez cartel and further strengthen the Gulf Cartel and The
Federation. Maintain tight contacts with Mexican government officials. .The arrest of the alleged drug A political party with no opposition is accountable to no one. The flow of drugs has hardly diminished in recent months, yet the
United States has seemed to almost wink at the matter. Extradited from Switzerland to Mexico in late September of
1999, he faces a series of fraud charges. It is widely
believed that Peniche's bank, Banco Union, assisted in laundering the donations,
and then wrote them off as bad debts through the deposit insurance fund (FOBAPROA),
which in essence allowed Peniche's bank to re-coup those funds by drawing upon
tax dollars. 11. Mexican officials certainly engage in the selective targeting activity out of
necessity - to offer up an occasional sacrificial lamb to please the American
certification gods. May and September are the rainiest months. Consider the following account:
"For many Mexicans, migrating north in search of work is not a criminal act
but an annual rite born of economic necessity. it isn't hard to make meth. There are currently more
than 200 U.S. military personnel and 100 federal law enforcement agents
stationed in Colombia. He has also openly
challenged the United States and Canada to spend up to $30 billion annually to
close the "development gap" with Mexico so as to realize an economic
convergence between the three nations. Journalist John Anderson states,
"No law, no special task forces, no number of helicopters and chase planes
can compare to the impact that one strategic indictment would have, as every
cabinet
member, general, and police commander would suddenly be made to understand that
impunity will no longer be tolerated" (Reding, 1995). AFP, "The Mexican 'finger' is a myth, former presidents say,"
2/27/99, internet. Reuters, "Eight killed in Mexico drug war," 1/12/98, internet. AFP, "Mexico to get 23.7 billion dollar financial aid package,"
6/15/99, internet. ALL in Carreras town are in it since the 50's. With the changing political winds, Excelsior is now paying
the price for its years of prostituted reporting. High level officers are just as vulnerable to the corruption it seems. The Operating in a country with
weak democratic traditions and a fragile economy that is highly dependent upon
the drug trade and external funding, they pose a present and continuing threat,
and will surely not disappear any time soon. Are you going to send a letter to Los Herrera? Wall Street Journal, "Mexico will close out its debt to
U.S.," 3/16/97, p. A10. His relatively visible private army
became somewhat of an embarrassment to the Mexican government. The human trafficking business is becoming increasingly dangerous and violent,
particularly along the southern California border near San Diego. AFP, "Opposition alliance would win Mexican election in 2000:
survey," 7/29/99, internet. Even if the
citizenry were to vote an opposition party member into office, the Senate, with
the Constitutional power to ratify elections, has been known to place the
"appropriate" PRI candidates in office, regardless of the actual vote. In
May of 1996, two United States Customs agents were charged with conspiracy for
their roles in a plan to bring 1.2 tons of cocaine into the United States. STOPPING THEM
The Clinton administration formally classified the Mexican cartels as a major
target for federal law enforcement, (even though they have diverted resources to
Colombia of late), and focused significant efforts on "stopping them." Weymouth, Lally, "The End of An Era?" (13)
Recent events have shaken the relationship between the U.S. and Mexico however. The recent emergence
of several right wing vigilante organizations, upset with the government's
inability to maintain order, has made the situation more difficult, especially
in light of the fact that these right wing entities have moved into the drug
trade to finance their operations and ironically seem to be profiting more from
the drug trade than the left-wing groups. This was done by the government not so much out of a moral imperative to rid the
country of drug dealers, but as the means of preserving its own power, which in
a truly democratic state means keeping the citizenry happy and convinced of
proper performance. meeting held at the request of ' El Mayo' Zambada, also Javier Torres Felix He explained that Herrera Herrera's criminal The Mexican cartels took
advantage of this arrangement and soon took control of the entire market. Feeding off of this virtual uproar emanating from the
Mexican populous, President Fox has issued several calls for the opening of the
border, though to date the notion has not played well in the U.S., even among
his American political allies. Herrera Herrera was also in wanted by United States authorities for carrying Despite the in-roads made by
the Mexican cartels and the 1997 decision by the Clinton Administration to focus
on them, American law enforcement attention has now (late 2000) been diverted to
Colombia and to what the Clinton Administration deems a more pressing problem. Despite American law
enforcement undertakings through the mid-1990s, the Mexican cartels managed to
consolidate their power bases, gained some control over the media, co-opted
government officials at every level on a wholesale basis, and even killed a
number of local and national government leaders. Unless substantive efforts are undertaken on both sides of
the border, the Mexican cartels will continue to grow in strength and influence. Many attendees presumed that they were being introduced to one of the main financiers of his political campaigns., After the gracious introduction, El G1 took the floor and, in a threatening and arrogant manner, told those present not to be stupid and to remember that the positions they held -in one way or another- had been won thanks to him. Among other functions, they select their successors to the Office of
President, approve legislative and state gubernatorial candidates (de-facto
appointments), select the attorney general, select high-ranking military
officials, select supreme court justices, select the head of the PRI Central
Executive Committee (the de-facto ruling body of Mexico), and regularly by-pass
the legislature and issue executive decrees or orders ("reglamentos")
that have the effect of law. By 1997, many new, small organizations were jumping into the cocaine market in
Colombia. It's the latest 35-37. Reuters, "Clinton, Zedillo try to ease strain," 5/7/97, internet. Those dollars are integral
to the current Mexican economy, and because of that, an anti-drug cartel
position carries no political capital in Mexico at present. The Herrera family - In some ways, this is not really a cartel per se, but an
old time Mexican mafia family akin to the Camorra of Naples or the Black mobs of
the eastern United States. Here is part of a clip you can find if you google Jaime Herrera-Nevares. drug with increasing consumption and highly addictive. Opium is grown in the state of Durango, which explains to a
large degree why they got into and stayed in that business. AFP, "Four dead in Mexican shootout," 1/20/98, internet. Associated Press, "Former Mexican prosector indicted," 8/27/99,
internet. Foolishly, Abrego placed
$1.3 billion into an American bank checking account, which only served to bring
him to the immediate attention of American law enforcement officials. Usually meth by-products are dumped near the facility. Fuentes arranged for eight multi-ton shipments to be
flown from Bolivia straight to Mexico. A decades old unwritten rule in Mexico
prohibits the indictments of present and former Presidents and cabinet members. El Blog de Los Guachos Share to Twitter Recent works have begun to surface which speak to this issues
(Morris, 1991; Nadelmann, 1993), though many are in Spanish. There is nothing particularly sacrosanct regarding representative, checks and
balances democracy. Horacio
Brunt, the man credited with the capture of Garcia-Abrego in January of 1996,
was dismissed from his position in the August 1996 purge of corrupt Federal
officers. AFP, "Mexican judge slashes jail sentence of brother of
ex-president," 7/16/99, internet. One estimate places over 1,000 Herrera family cocaine and heroin
dealers in the United States (AFP, 12/6/97). Reuters, "Swiss link Raul Salinas, drug traffickers," 3/13/98,
internet. AFP, "Top Mexican official, business clan in drug trade: reports,"
6/2/99, internet. pure heroin. Fucking idiot who linked this deadbeat to the H's. The evidence seems to indicate that bribes were
offered in exchange for the military leaders turning a blind eye to the drug
operations (UPI, 3/26/98). Furthermore, immediately following Labastida's resignation as Interior Secretary
(which enabled him to run in the PRI's November 1999 primary election), several
trade unions and other groups linked to the PRI party publicly declared their
support for him. On July 23, 1985, as a This murder greatly unsettled the Mexican
people. The Cabrera brothers, however, began to have competition for areas in Durango when another Sinaloa Cartel group called Los Ms rose to power. Reuters, "Mexico drug war diverts cocaine back to Florida,"
2/13/98, internet. Fuentes became a master
at smuggling drugs not only with planes, but also with boats and trucks and
people. All five were killed in the encounter. Initially stationed in Tijuana, officers are now spread
across the entire border region. Numerous case studies provide support for this mistrust. Criticism and finger-pointing has become commonplace on both sides of the Rio
Grande. It involved our ground forces, also air support. With
the recent closing of Howard Air Force Base, for example, the U.S. lost 15,000
military flights a year, many of which were drug interdiction missions
(Associated Press, 7/30/99). THE MEXICAN POLITICAL SCENE: A CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE
Steps have been taken to move the Mexican political system toward legitimate
multi-party status. Would you like to see what this town looks like and enjoy landscape photos of Los Herrera? This article "Durango Cartel" is from Wikipedia. Though hardly a new market per se, money laundering continues to grow as a major
activity of the cartels and their conspirators. AFP, "Ex-AeroMexico chief in Mexico after extradition from
Switzerland," 9/24/99, internet. 84-101. He is the uncle of Juan Garca brego, his successor in the cartel and once considered Mexico's most-wanted man. Reuters, "Texas auto thieves team up with Mexico drug cartel,"
1/6/98, internet. The soldiers were able to find the cave and they attempted to arrest him a second time but Arqui and four of his hitmen decided to go down fighting. facing law enforcement officials. Some experts suggest the Self Defense Force now
ironically generates more revenue from the drug business than does FARC and ELN
combined (Frontline, 4/20/00). With smuggling
networks in place, the 1970s saw the cartels branch out on their own and begin
to smuggle the high demand drug, marijuana, into the United States. Fuentes intended to cut Colombia
completely out of the picture. AFP, "Mexico denounces backlash in Costa Rica over Hank affair:
ambassador," 6/10/99, internet. He has also been said to hold significant influential power within the
PRI. Steigenberger Parkhotel Duesseldorf - Tripadvisor This paper examines the entities known generally as the Mexican drug cartels,
explores the current state of political affairs in Mexico, and looks to the
possible future activities of these organizations. Most of the Original cartel de durango guys are retired or dead.. most herreras sided with cartel de juarez in the 2000s and got kicked out by CDS around 2011. on prior indictments in Miami, Florida. whose family members began the org in the 50s. Only recently has
there been even a crack in PRI dominance. UPI, "Zedillo: Mexican economy won't worsen," 2/5/99, internet. Amezcua Contreras was released from a Guadalajara Prison on May 19,
1999 after a judge ruled that the state was trying him under a new
drug-laundering law that did not exist at the time of Contreras' alleged
offense. The town of Los Herrera is located at 15.6 kilometers from Santiago Papasquiaro, which is the most populated locality in the municipality, in the Southwest direction. Before examining those new markets, however,
there is a need to review the current state of the Mexican political scene so as
to better understand the context in which the Mexican drug cartels now find
themselves. After experiencing
some success in its fight against the Medellin and Cali cartels of Colombia,
American law enforcement and military officials began to focus their efforts on
the Mexican drug cartels in the mid-1990s. They continued being listed as DEA fugitives based Lyman, Michael and Gary Potter, Organized Crime. We have obtained an updated satellite photo of Los Herrera and at this link you will navigate through its streets. A similar, though less publicly discussed account is given of the previously
mentioned March 1994 assassination of Luis Donald Colosio. butttt I think it is more the powers that be above him which control the area. Jaime Herrera-Herrera, Jr., were arrested in Mexico on drug charges and remain The Zapatista's (or EZLN - Zapatista National Liberation
Army), based in the southern state of Chiapas, are the only terrorist group of
consequence at present. His deal making shifted more and more of the cocaine
trade routes from the Caribbean to Mexico. (4) He was
allegedly worth around $15 billion at the time of his arrest. In addition, given that financial turmoil has often
accompanied changes in the presidency (most recently the above noted Salinas to
Zedillo transition), these funds will be able to ease any economic disruptions
that may arise during the next transition. opium poppy plants, processed and packaged heroin in Mexico, and transported it THE NEW MARKETS
The Mexican drug cartels gained their power by monopolizing the lucrative
cocaine trade, but cocaine use in the United States has began to slide in the
late 1990s, from 6 million users in the mid-1990s to an estimated 1.7 million in
1998 (Reuters, 3/19/98). Associated Press, "Fox draws from left-wing, conservative sides,"
11/24/00, internet. (1) Despite several euphoric
eulogies from the press subsequent to that election, the PRI is alive and well,
and will most surely mount a comeback, as evidenced by its recent victory in the
Tabasco gubernatorial elections (AFP, 10/18/00)
The key "player" in the de-facto Mexican political scene is the
president. Officers seized 10 By the
same token, it must be noted that the nature of the autocratic party-state
governmental arrangement in Mexico and the socio-economic culture in which it
operates, taken in toto, lends itself to systematic corruption and
infiltration by organized crime interests. If so,
will they settle for a share of the drug trade or will they attempt to develop a
monopoly in the North and South American drug trafficking markets? During the 1999 certification process, however, neither Mica nor Feinstein
challenged President Clinton regarding the re-certification of Mexico, although
both publicly indicated that they still had serious reservations about the
decision. Sinaloa control west of the Sierra to tepehuanes. Gmez Palacio, Durango. American aid continues to flow into the government coffers,
external investment is up, and the drug revenues are as high as ever. Its credibility all but destroyed. Reuters, "Garcia-Abrego drug trial moves into second week,"
9/22/96, internet. Sullivan, Brian, "Organized crime: a growing national security
threat," Strategic Forum, 5/1/96, #74. He was making an estimated $200 million a week and was smuggling four
times as much cocaine into the United States as all the other Mexican cartels
combined. All told, it is now estimated that there are more than 5 million illegal
vehicles in Mexico, the bulk of which were stolen in the United States. Viejito', accused of being one of the leading producers of methamphetamine in Herrera is considered to be one of the most important producers In early 1998, they combined forces with the strong
central Mexican group, the Sonora Cartel run by the Caro Quintero family of
Guadalajara, and formed a new organization they call, "The Federation"
(AFP, 2/16/98). Gutierrez Rebollo was the head of the
Mexican equivalent to the American Drug Enforcement Administration. The upper
house, the Senate, consists of 64 individuals (2 from each state and the federal
district) elected to one, six-year term. The local timezone is named America / Monterrey with an UTC offset of -5 hours. Minor
changes in substance, but major in that they were the first real chip in the PRI
shield and its party-state model. Very quietly from the American public's
perspective, these narco-terrorists have amassed a massive military arsenal,
more extensive than the Colombian army. Not part of
the traditional cartel litany of activities (Resendiz, 1998), officials have
recently found ties between gangs of car thieves in El Paso, Texas and the
Juarez Cartel. reported on documents they received, leaked from an Army intelligence investigation into Durango politicians involved in organized crime. Las Herreras Map | Mexico Google Satellite Maps Time, of course, will tell whether or
not such aspirations are achieved or relegated to the garbage dump of political
rhetoric. Chapos Meth Maker "El Viejito" apprehended ~ Borderland Beat Jaimes sons are still in DGO and are well off. From the long-term perspective, the Cartels can
certainly take the hit of a leader or two going to prison, and they can easily
absorb the loss of a portion of its stockpile; even a 50 percent commodity loss
in the cocaine trade will yield a profit. The Tijuana Cartel - This cartel is run by the four Felix-Arellano
brothers, wanted for the brutal 1993 murder of Catholic Cardinal Juan Jesus
Ocampo (Reuters, 5/25/93). From the standpoint of the
business community, the need to move commodities in an expedient fashion is
paramount, especially perishable goods which make up a significant portion of
the Mexican-American trade. in a series of arrests of associates of Guzman, the most wanted man in Mexico. Federal agents executed simultaneous arrests Nov. 15 in the Chicago area and in Laredo, Texas. The role of the printed press in contemporary Mexico is also undergoing a
significant shift. In the past few years, major inroads by opposition parties
led to the presidential victory of opposition party leader Vicente Fox, ending a
71 year political monopoly of the PRI. Leadership of this cartel is currently
being contested, but Adado' brother Vicente seems now to have gained control. The United States has repeatedly called for Mexico to end the traditional
impunity for high level officials. Durango to Chicago. wasn't his dad hard line against any use. Sure. Malherve is considered by the U.S. DEA to be the second most
powerful drug trafficker in Mexico. Sinaloa cartel. In 1994 sheriffs of
two border counties were jailed along with a county clerk and a county judge. The United States has also steadily increased its interdiction efforts,
particularly in the area of personnel deployment. A recent episode involving two low-ranking American military
personnel attempting to smuggle a group of Mexicans across the border near
Tijuana may only be considered a singular episode (AFP, 10/13/00), but people
smuggling has the potential to overtake the drug trade in terms of gross revenue
and profitability in the 21st century. In the summer of 1995, the Colombian cartels fell under a renewed attack and
received even more pressure from the Colombian National Police, who were aided
by the American CIA and DEA. AFP, "Mexican opposition unites to oust long-ruling party," 8/4/99,
internet. "Coyotes," generally operating with a small independent organization,
have historically had a monopoly on people trafficking. "'Gutierrez may have done more severe damage to the war
against the Mexican drug cartels than Aldrich Ames did to the CIA's espionage
operations' said DEA official, Thomas Constantine" (Brant, 1997:36)
In January of 1998, a retired Mexican general was arrested and charged with
actually helping the drug cartels with a number of their organizational
problems. Instead of merely dumping the cocaine in warehouses just across the
border, the Mexican cartels became so powerful that they could guarantee
delivery anywhere inside the United States. criminal syndicates such as the Jaime Herrera organization were trafficking This organization is based in the
city of Durango in the state of Durango, and is really a confederation of
roughly six families. Adding to the problem of rank-and-file officer corruption is an internalized and
institutionalized mode of corruption within the police ranks. Constantine, Thomas A., Testimony before the United States Congress, 2/27/97,
internet. This group was extremely difficult to penetrate because family members controlled the entire heroin process from top to bottom.". Scaramella, Gene L. "Cooperative efforts between criminal
organizations," Crime and Justice International, November 1997, pp. Amado Carrillo Fuentes (/ f u n t s /; December 17, 1956 - July 4, 1997) was a Mexican drug lord who seized control of the Jurez Cartel after assassinating his boss Rafael Aguilar Guajardo. It was " by far the strongest cocaine-trafficking group. To date however, some very public and seemingly legitimate efforts are being
undertaken by President Fox in an attempt to steer his nation down this new
path, and he has taken a very aggressive public position on a number of fronts
since his election. A former
head of the Federal Judicial Police force in Jalisco was arrested in June of
1993 on charges of corruption. By As far back as 1957, the Herrera organization ran a farm-to-the-arm heroin operation that cultivated opium poppy plants, processed and packaged heroin in Mexico, and transported it to Chicago. In a chilling
video, aired for the first time on American national television by PBS on
October 10, 2000, a squad of elite Mexican national police officers who came
upon a shipment of marijuana, are gunned down by a squad of Mexican army
personnel. Develop a multi-party political system in countries that lack such an
arrangement. Early this morning an operation was launched to arrest a financial operator of the Cabrera Sarabia criminal group, part of the Sinaloa Cartel. AFP, "Mexico's ruling party defeats opposition alliance in state
elections," 9/27/99, internet. Amado Carrillo became known as "El Seor de Los Cielos" ("The Lord of the Skies"), because of the large fleet of jets he used to transport drugs.He was also known for laundering money via . Arriba don jaime que llego a ser el chaka en un tiempo me dijo mi abuelo que hasta el chapo era chofer de el en un tiempo bien pesado puro durango de herreras a santiago. I felt badly throwing the tiny bit of info up there this AM but that was all there was. D. The President's decision stands, unless Congress overrides that decision
within 30 days. Taken together, these (and other pro-American positions such as the
increased privatization of state-owned industry) will continue to increase his
political capital in America, and will certainly result in a number of his
initiatives obtaining increased American support (see AFP, 8/19/00; AFP,
9/22/00; AFP, 9/25/00; Cox, 2000; Smith, 2000). Yet to
pass the House, this bill is clearly modeled after the drug certification law
(Chapter 8 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961), and is designed to take on
companies that launder money for organized crime interests. The World Court needs to enhance its political capital, substance, and
strength. It completely insulates high-level
government officials from liability for their actions. El 03 took over leading the group. In response to the issue of
American corruption, he recently responded, "I ask myself how tons and tons
of drugs enter the United States without anyone noticing and how consumption
grows without anybody stopping it." Paternostro, Silvana, "Mexico as a narco-democracy," World
Policy Journal, Vol 12(1), Spring 1995, pp. This example of international law enforcement
cooperation sets a standard that should be adopted across the entire
southwestern border. Meanwhile, the Mexican cartels, after a period of upheaval subsequent to
Fuentes' death, seem to have stabilized. 19-25. The United States and Mexico have entered into a number of so-called side
agreements with respect to NAFTA. They have benefitted from relatively solid internal
leadership, an ability to cooperate, a socio-economic political environment that
needs cartel money, endemic poverty among the populous, institutionalized
corruption among government, military, and police officials at virtually every
level, a single party political system, a differentiation in economies that
drives hundreds of thousands of its citizens to illegally cross the border of
its northern neighbor, and a huge demand for drugs from that same wildly wealthy
northern neighbor. Senator Kay Bailey Hutchison of
Texas, however, who called for a moratorium on the certification process to give
time for the newly elected presidents of both countries to consider new
proposals (AFP, 9/22/00). Mexican officials recently arrested 51 undocumented Chinese who were hidden
in secret compartments of trucks headed for the United States (AFP, 2/27/98). Just to be clear, I just profiled one cartel group. Hervideros, Los Herreras, Durango. Belleza natural de aguas termales y In September 1977, DEA agents at JFK Airport to Chicago. It appears as if he may have been tied with Raul Salinas and
Ruiz Massieu (former Deputy Attorney General) in facilitating the flow of drugs
and cash into and out of the country (AFP, 3/28/98). Some ten years ago, a special Mexican border police force, Grupo
Beta, was created. Reuters, "Mexicans migrate north to work, for decades," 4/17/97,
internet. AFP, "Mexico lacks sufficient resources in fighting drugs: top US
official," 6/3/99, internet. Rather than playing such games and suggesting that the winds of change may have
truly reached Mexico's shore, President Fox (the first non-PRI president in 70
years) has forcefully and unilaterally called upon the United States to totally
abandon the drug certification program, noting that it serves no useful purpose
(AFP, 9/22/00; Weymouth, 2000, p. 37). While there are growing opposition voices calling for the
removal of this traditional executive privilege and for the development of a
legitimate multi-party system, at this writing Mexico can still be classified as
a de-facto one-party system; a party-state system, with its accompanying twin -
institutionalized corruption (Paternostro, 1995; UPI, 1/30/98). As Abadinsky (2000:257) has
pointed out, "the Herrera's did not buy off the power structure in Durango
- they are the power structure." The police tracked down and arrested seven Cali
Cartel leaders, including the Rodriquez-Orejula brothers. Abstract
Background
Introduction to the Drug Cartels and The Drug Wars
The Mexican Drug Cartels Today
The Rise of the Mexican Drug Cartels
The Mexican Political Scene: An Historical Perspective
The Mexican Political Scene: A Contemporary Perspective
Institutionalized Corruption
Certification
Impact of the Drug Trade on the Mexican and American Economies
The New Markets
Stopping Them
Conclusion: The Future
The Unanswered Questions
Post Script
Endnotes
References
Index. The cartels began
operating as middlemen smugglers for more powerful groups. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference
on Organized Crime: Myth, Power, Profit, October 1999, Lausanne, Switzerland. See Las Herreras photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Las Herreras . In 1997, some 3,500 vehicles were stolen in El Paso and
smuggled into Mexico, many ending up in the hands of corporate executives and
government officials. 5. CONCLUSIONS: THE FUTURE
The Mexican cartels have historically been very adaptable, professional and
efficient operations. This group is headed by Carlos Hank Gonzalez who is best known for his
expansive and profitable transportation, construction, and financial empires in
Mexico. Amin, Samir, Capitalism in the Age of Globalization: The Management of
Contemporary Society, 1997. As the phenomenal economic run
in America continues(and there appears no end in sight), the economic migration
from south to north will likewise continue.
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