22, no. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the drivers visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was The mean IEFA in the hands-free call state was sharply decreased by 20.98% compared with the normal driving state in the free flow scenario, while the mean IEFA in the congested flow scenario was not significantly different from the normal driving state. B. Reimer, B. Mehler, Y. Wang, and J. F. Coughlin, A field study on the impact of variations in short-term memory demands on drivers visual attention and driving performance across three age groups, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. 16, no. There were 697 drowsy-driving-related crashes in 2019. - Lytx advances fleet safety with 15 million event clips captured and processed over a three-month period, - Data reveals drivers not wearing seatbelts and following the vehicle ahead too closely together represent 54% of all coachable incidents captured this summer, SAN DIEGO Sept. 16, 2020 Lytx, a leading global provider of machine vision and artificial intelligence (MV+AI)-powered video telematics safety and productivity solutions for commercial, public sector, and service fleets, experienced a record-breaking summer in terms of the video data it captured, processed and delivered to empower drivers and clients. 1, p. 10, 2022. The sampling frequency of the eye tracker was set to 200Hz, and the supporting software Begaze2.4 was used to export the video and corresponding visual behavior text data for analysis and preliminary processing. Percentage of VSC in each interval for different traffic conditions and driving states. At this time, the mutual interference between vehicles was obvious, showing the speed adaptation characteristics, and the road was continuously congested. A. Ali Sharifi, Discrete hartley matrix transform precoding-based OFDM system to reduce the high PAPR, ICT Express, vol. There were significant differences in RCPA among drivers in different driving states under different traffic conditions. Furthermore, it estimates that in 2017, 91,000 police-reported crashes involved drowsy drivers, leading to an estimated 50,000 injured and nearly 800 deaths. 14, no. 2, pp. Learn about the latest in fleet and compliance management through our comprehensive Resource Hub. A. R. Mishra, P. Rani, and K. Pandey, Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-EDAS approach for the selection of sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers using improved generalized score function, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. Risky driving behaviour In two traffic conditions, compared with the normal driving state, the percentage of the VSC in the stable interval (>0.63) decreased sharply and the percentage of VSC in the extremely unstable interval (<0.33) generally increased when the drivers were distracted by operating the cell phone, and the change of percentage in the video call state was more significant. 6, pp. And what compounds these safety challenges, especially at night, are speeding, aggressive driving, distracted driving and impairment from alcohol or drugs. 679687, 2022. Here is a breakdown of the riskiest behaviors based on reports released by the NHTSA in 2023 and 2022. 19, no. L. Qin, Y. Shi, Y. 2, pp. Compensation may impact where the Sponsors appear on this website (including the order in which they appear). From choosing to drive while impaired, and speeding, to driving distracted or running red lights, using these two drugs leads to poor decision-making with potentially fatal consequences.. NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 8697, 2018. Driving Risk 6, pp. Copyright 2023 CarInsurance.com. 3: Distracted driving, Risky driving behavior No. The RCPA was mainly distributed from 0.839 to 2.489 in the free flow, and the RCPA was mainly distributed from 0.706 to 1.962 in the congested flow. Before joining QuinStreet, John was a deputy editor at The Wall Street Journal and had been an editor and reporter at a number of other media outlets where he covered insurance, personal finance, and technology. 34, no. The PARSV of drivers was significantly different in different driving states under different traffic conditions. Since 1902, the not-for-profit, fully tax-paying AAA has been a leader and advocate for safe mobility. During the test, the SV in the congested traffic flow needed to maintain a low-speed driving state, allowing overtaking and lane change. The VSC calculation equation is as follows:where denotes the VSC, is the weight coefficient of the th visual characteristics indicator, and is the data of the th visual characteristics indicator of the th driver after standardized processing. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the questionnaire fitted properly in two correlated factors, labeled as Risky Driving and Aggressive Driving. As an objective weighting calculation model, the CRITIC method fully exploits the attributes of the indicator data, takes into account the variability within the indicators and the conflict between the indicators to determine the objective weights, and the weighting results are more reliable and reasonable. According to the calculation results of VSC, the K-means clustering method was used to classify drivers VSC into four categories and determine the interval range of four visual stability types [57]. Hierarchical clustering results of fixation points. More than 50% of drivers involved in serious injury and fatal crashes tested positive for at least one drug. Ages 75+: 69.1 percent. Y. Sha, J. Hu, Q. Zhang, and C. Wang, Systematic analysis of the contributory factors related to major coach and bus accidents in China, Sustainability, vol. In the two traffic conditions, the correlation degree of the cell phone operation state decreased to different degrees compared with normal driving, and the VSC was more sensitive to the influence of video call operation, resulting in a sharp decrease in the correlation degree. The subjects were ensured to have a normal diet and rest without alcohol or drugs for 24h before the test while avoiding strenuous exercise. H. Ge, M. Zheng, N. Lyu, Y. Lu, and H. Sun, Review on driving distraction, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. Drivers should never wait for a warning before taking measures to avoid an accident. Learn how we combine innovation with experience to stand out from the crowd. Based on the objective weighting of indicators using the improved CRITIC method, the VSC was constructed to quantitatively characterize the visual stability of drivers in different driving states, and the K-means clustering method was used to divide the range of VSC values for four types of visual stability, and to comprehensively assess the safety level of driving states from the perspective of visual psychological safety. Therefore, this article was designed to simulate driving in two traffic conditions of free flow and congested flow on urban expressways and to collect eye movement indicators under two driving conditions of hands-free and video call, in order to explore the visual behavior characteristics of drivers during distracted driving, quantify the risk of driving behavior, and provide the theoretical basis for drivers visual behavior correction and driving safety. X. Ding, H. Wang, M. Gao, and Z. Lyu, Evaluation and modeling of driver's visual load at entrance and exit of a highway tunnel, Tunnel Construction, vol. The one-way ANOVA was conducted on the saccade amplitude, and as shown in Table 5, the differences in saccade amplitude in different driving states under different traffic conditions were significant. Information entropy is an indicator to quantify the amount of information in information theory, borrowed from thermodynamics and measures the ordering degree of a system. In automated driving, risk describes potential harm to passengers of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and other road users. The percentage of fixation point offset distance in each interval is shown in Figure 3. 21, no. Section 3 introduces the concepts and analysis steps of the improved CRITIC weighting model and the grey correlation analysis method. 130, 2022. This Foundation research was published in January 2021 in the peer-reviewed journal Transportation Research Record. Figure 7 shows that the size and distribution of pupil area varied from person to person. 121, Article ID 102319, 2021. About AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety Learn how to avoid unnecessary arguments and recognize the triggers which may result in aggressive or risky behaviors. Based on the improved CRITIC method, the weights of visual characteristics indicators in the two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, and the calculation results are shown in Table 12. Calculate the grey correlation coefficient. Y. Yao, X. Zhao, H. Du, Y. Zhang, and J. Rong, Classification of distracted driving based on visual features and behavior data using a random forest method, Transportation Research Record, vol. The test consisted of a pretest and a formal test. Driving when so tired, it was hard to keep your eyes open (96%) Driving while typing or sending a text message or an email (96%) Yet these same drivers text Firstly, the one-way ANOVA was conducted on the PARSV, as shown in Table 7. WebWhat Are Risky Driving Behaviors? Considering the indicator variability and conflict, the information quantity, Calculation of indicator weights. John is the editorial director for CarInsurance.com, Insurance.com and Insure.com. Some of the major stressors reported included: Watching the behaviours of other drivers, including distracted driving (78 per cent). Also, safe driver and other discounts may have been applied to achieve the advertised rate, which may not be available to the average consumer. The study shows that drivers Subsequent Avoid the Six Most Unsafe Driving Behaviors Risky Driving Behaviors of Drivers Who Use Alcohol and Marijuana Here's eveything you need to know about the dangers of The subjects wore and calibrated the eye tracker with the help of the staff, followed by a 10min pretest to get used to the wearing of the eye tracker and the control of the vehicle. Join a collaborative team dedicated to building technology that helps save lives. One-way ANOVA of the influence of driving state on saccade amplitude. Snowball sampling was adopted in the test [33], and the sample size was calculated as follows:where denotes the required sample size, is the standard normal distribution statistic, is the overall standard deviation, and is the allowable error. AAA opposes the legalization of recreational marijuana because of its inherent traffic safety risks and the difficulties in writing legislation that protects the public and treats drivers fairly. L. Li, Z. Liu, and X. 366376, 2019. The calculation equation of indicator conflict is as follows:where denotes the conflict of the th indicator, and denote the mean values of the th and th evaluation indicators, respectively, and denotes the Pearson correlation coefficient. 100103, 2019. Recent studies suggest that human-like driving behavior emerges from embedding risk in AV motion planning algorithms. Therefore, a single pupil area index cannot accurately reflect the changing pattern of visual load. Streamline compliance for drivers and fleet managers to keep your fleet productive and safe. The dispersion of saccade amplitude in the two traffic conditions was similar, but the saccade amplitude in the congested flow was significantly lower than that in the free flow under the same driving state. Our mission is to help you make educated insurance decisions with confidence. 1589815908, 2022. Comparison of drivers PARSV for each driving state in different traffic conditions. The NHTSA says buckling up is the most effective way to protect yourself in a crash. The grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the sensitivity of three driving states affecting VSC under different traffic conditions, whereby the assessment results of driving state risk were further verified. 4, pp. We help protect more than 4,800 clients and 1.6 million drivers across the globe. Driving Behavior Around 47% of passengers killed in 2019 in crashes were not wearing seat belts. Dropdown to filter by a specific type of media, Speeding on residential streets (55%) vs. alcohol-only (35%), Aggressive driving (52%) vs. alcohol-only (28%), Intentional red-light running (48%) vs alcohol-only (32%), Texting while driving (40%) vs. alcohol-only (21%). 118, pp. F. Zong, X. Chen, J. Tang, P. Yu, and T. Wu, Analyzing traffic crash severity with combination of information entropy and bayesian network, IEEE Access, vol. In fact, risky behavior associated with bad driving was found alarmingly prevalent among all age groups in the study. Distracted driving led to 10,546 fatalities, 1.3 million nonfatal injuries and $98.2 billion in economic costs in 2019. M. E. S. Rondora, A. Pirdavani, and A. P. C. Larocca, Driver behavioral classification on curves based on the relationship between speed, trajectories, and eye movements: a driving simulator study, Sustainability, vol. The correlation coefficients of the corresponding elements of each comparison sequence and the reference sequence are calculated, respectively, as follows:where is the resolution coefficient, , and according to the algorithm experience, set =0.5. In automated driving, risk describes potential harm to passengers of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and other road users. Difference analysis in pupil area of drivers. Fixation points represent the spatial focus that drivers pay attention to, and concentrated areas represent drivers Areas of Interest (AOI). H. Y. W. Chen, L. Hoekstra-Atwood, and B. Donmez, Voluntary- and involuntary-distraction engagement: an exploratory study of individual differences, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. 12, no. There were 697 drowsy-driving-related crashes in 2019, according to the NHTSA. 6: Drowsy driving, car insurance rates may increase after a DUI, The Governors Highway Safety Association has a map. Study Shows Parents Driving Behaviors Influence Teens More than 50% of drivers involved in serious injury and fatal crashes tested positive for at least one drug, the NHTSA says. X. Li, Z. Han, M. Yazdi, and G. Chen, A CRITIC-VIKOR based robust approach to support risk management of subsea pipelines, Applied Ocean Research, vol. L. Ocampo, J. L. Aro, S. S. Evangelista et al., Composite ecotourism potential index based on an integrated stochastic CRITIC-weighted sum method, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. Risky Driving Behaviors The eye movement data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. 372379, 2007. The simulated cockpit adopted real vehicle control components and was modified from the BYD F3 car. The eye movement data of drivers during normal driving, hands-free call, and video call under two typical traffic conditions of free flow and congested flow on the urban expressway were collected. The saccade amplitude is the range covered by the line of sight from the beginning to the end of a saccade, usually expressed in degrees of view [48]. Distracted driving refers to the behavior of drivers who voluntarily or involuntarily allocate their attention to other secondary tasks unrelated to the main driving task during driving [1], causing drivers visual and cognitive resources to be occupied to varying degrees, reducing drivers environmental perception, decision-making ability, and 430443, 2018. By calculating the variation coefficient of each evaluation indicator, the internal variability of the indicator is characterized by the degree of data dispersion. driving behaviors In the traditional CRITIC method, the variability of indicators is represented by standard deviation, and the larger the standard deviation of data, the stronger the variability is represented and the higher the weight is assigned; the conflict of indicators is quantified by the correlation coefficient, and the larger value of the correlation coefficient between indicators, the smaller the conflict, and the more overlapping information the indicators contain, the lower the weight is assigned [3438]. The design of the distracted driving simulation test followed the process shown in Figure 1. 4, pp. (a) FFS. The lighter the color, the lower the VSC, the worse the drivers visual stability, and the greater the driving risk. Considering the lack of in-depth discussion on the impact of video call operation on drivers driving safety in previous studies, this article designed two typical traffic flow scenarios of free flow and congested flow on urban expressways to carry out a distracted driving simulation test and collected the eye movement data of drivers in three driving states of normal driving, hands-free call, and video call, respectively, and comprehensively considered the characteristics of drivers eye fixation, saccade, and pupil changes to select four visual indicators. From 2010 to 2012, our commercial vehicles have a total of 742 cases of death more than 3 people traffic accident, which killed 3476 people and caused bad influence [ 1 ]. Euclidean distance was used to establish the distance matrix of the dataset, and the UPGMA algorithm was used to calculate the distance between the two clusters to complete the hierarchical aggregation process. The correlation coefficients of the corresponding elements of each comparison sequence and the reference sequence are calculated, respectively, as follows: Calculate the grey correlation degree. 830846, 2022. Due to the differences in density and importance of the information contained in different areas of the driving visual field, drivers often adopt the visual search pattern of selective attention [43].
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