Nichole has taught English Literature and Language Arts, as well as College Readiness, Analytical Readiness, Research Readiness, Business English, History of English Speaking Countries, Lexicology, and various academic and creative writing courses. 485 lessons. This cross-cultural relationship provides hope that new opportunities will be discovered, but at the same time it is threatening. b. c. civil disobedience. The european free trade association initially - Course Hero Pacifist Types & Views | What is a Pacifist? However, psychology still has a long way to go to be truly representative of all cultures. But through the practice of cultural relativism, xenocentrism can support a more open and non-judgmental way of regarding foreign cultures. Every individual is influenced by ethnocentrism to some degree. Expecting others to speak your language and criticizing them if they cant. Many cross-cultural psychologists have found that many observations about human thought and behavior may only be generalizable to specific groups. Throughout the era of European imperialism and colonization, there was a widespread belief that Indigenous populations were inferior or even unintelligent. This has had benefits when it comes to diagnosing mental illness, for example. is the principle of regarding and valuing the practices of a culture from the point of view of that culture and to avoid making hasty judgments. As information from across the world is spread through technology, it is only natural for people to want what they don't have, and even more so if they notice that other countries and cultures have access to greater opportunities or more advanced industries and products. This comes in stark contrast to xenocentrism - the belief that someone else's culture is superior to their own. It involves evaluating other cultures and ethnic groups based on the standards and values of one's own group and viewing them as inferior or less important. Likely, many westerners would consider chopsticks to be a strange tool for eating. obtaining recognition for their role in the eradication of de facto segregation from the United States. Cultural groups may be less likely to help each other in times of need and may only seek to preserve the people in their own group whom they consider more important. promoting inequalitarian pluralism among members of the dominant group. American Psychologist, 76(1), 116129. Ethnocentrism is a major factor in the divisions among members of different ethnicities, races, and religious groups. Which scenario best explains the process of assimilation? Can lead to prejudice, discrimination, and conflict between different cultural groups. They either make light of the cultures idiosyncrasies or embrace the wonder of it all. A person who is ethnocentric will shun and look down upon other cultures and the ways they do things (also known as cultural bias). In this case, ethnic minority groups are often romanticized to fit stereotypical ideas; for example, the idea of the "noble savage" in Western art, philosophy, and ethnography defines Indigneous peoples as uncivilized and primitive, ignoring their evolving role in current society. Christopher, J. C., & Hickinbottom, S. (2008). For instance, when a non-Indigenous individual wears a headdress, their action is generally viewed as disrespectful, since non-Indigenous people don't have a deep understanding of the distinct knowledge and traditions that Indigenous groups associate with the wearing of a headdress. b. b. This scenario exemplifies __________. Part of ethnocentrism is the belief that ones own race, ethnic or cultural group is the most important or that some or all aspects of its culture are superior to those of other groups. c. individual stereotyping. c. a. Ideal vs. Real Culture Overview & Differences | What is Real Culture? Ethnocentrism - Wikipedia In the Western countries, it is normal for girls to wear dresses that are short, skirts, cut sleeve clothes whereas in India, even though now it is coming to be accepted, those wearing such clothes are often judged to have a loose character it is said that girls should always be dressed in clothes covering their body, as this is ideal and thus they must not attempt to copy the west. ethnic group This approach aims to observe cultural differences in the relevant context and uses that cultures concepts or standards. In the 1950s, many African Americans participating in the civil rights movement tried to combat racial inequality through nonviolent action seeking to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it. The split-labor-market theory Which of the following terms describes the coexistence of a variety of distinct racial and ethnic groups within one society? The show is purely a comedy, but theres no doubt this Jewish family thinks their culture is far superior to any Gentiles way of living. And certainly, this celebration of diversity should be viewed as positive when compared to the ethnocentric ideas that can result in the hatred of foreign cultures and peoples. Another example of ethnocentrism covered with humor occurs in the comedy American Wedding. The concept of cross-cultural relationship is the idea that people from different cultures can have relationships that acknowledge, respect and begin to understand each others diverse lives. b. affirmative action. white Anglo-Saxon Protestants Cultural relativism. A conceptual analysis and political implications. Xenos is the Greek word for foreign or stranger, and thus, xenocentrism is the preference for foreign cultures over one's own culture. Otherwise, some other examples of ethnocentric behavior include: Judging other cultures food and specialty dishes. We often have involuntary reactions toward another person or cultures practices or beliefs but these reactions do not have to result in horrible events such as genocide or war. Modern researchers are now able to travel a lot more than they would have done in the past. Ethnocentrism is also often directed at other cultures religious beliefs. The introduction of a Westernized diet has caused many Japanese to become overweight. To assume that people from other cultures are neither mature enough nor responsible enough to consider criticism from the outside is demeaning. - Definition and History, Cultural Relativity, Ethnocentrism & the Rights of Humans. This idealization may then result in cultural appropriation if an individual from a majority ethic group mimics the culture of a minority ethic group without proper permission, respect, or education. As former President Obama argued, American exceptionalism can also lead to failure to see the good in (and learn from) other nations. c. They are able to have contact with people from all across the globe as well as being able to hold talks and conferences where researchers from different cultures can meet to discuss ideas. But, be sure to stay open-minded and avoid making unfair judgements of others. Perhaps, the next time youre assigned a persuasive essay in school, youll consider tackling this important topic. Some people will simply call it cultural ignorance. When considering harmful cultural traditions, it can be patronizing to use cultural relativism as an excuse for avoiding debate. A person practicing xenocentrism assumes that foreign cultures are superior to their own, and thus values the goods, styles, ideas, and traditions, among other aspects of foreign cultures, more than that of their own culture. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. In the context of Robert K. Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, Antony is a(n) __________. Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Ultimately, though, the movie has a happy ending, subtly suggesting that the positives outweigh the negatives. As John A McDonald, Canadas first prime minister, stated: Indian children should be withdrawn as much as possible from the parental influence.. Judging Other Countries' Diets An example of ethnocentrism is when you judge other countries for the way they eat, but don't have a moral reason for this. scapegoating Ethnocentrism can lead to negative attitudes and behaviors towards those . Yet at the same time, the xenocentric idolization of other cultures may lead people to a feeling of hostility or resentment toward their own cultures. As part of this effort, the Canadian government placed residential schools as far from the Indian Reserves as possible. 25 chapters | A small country in Europe is renowned for being home to multiple ethnic groups. The belief that the style of clothing in another culture is superior to those within your own culture. Ethnocentrism occurs when a researcher assumes that their own culturally specific practices or ideas are natural or right., The individual uses their own ethnic group to evaluate and judge other individuals from other ethnic groups. Becoming aware of these new possibilities will ultimately change the people who are exposed to the new ideas. b. c. Racial stratification Cross-cultural psychology is a branch of psychology examining how cultural factors influence human behavior. The belief that ones own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others. The Spanish Inquisition is one of the most extreme examples of religious ethnocentrism that has occurred in human history. The film is a great example of a migrant family who not only wants to retain their cultural heritage but looks upon the dominant culture with suspicion, distaste, and even sometimes scorn. Uses the standards and values of ones own culture to judge others. According to the "Mandate of Heaven," the Chinese felt they received divine power that entitled them to exert heavy rule over the citizens, and that they had power over the rest of the world. Some would argue thats whats going on with the country's involvement in the Middle East. In truth, both ideals are a bit skewed. Sociology 1301 Flashcards | Chegg.com Many special education programs in the school districts disproportionately include African American students. However, the results from other cultures were very different. a meaningful concept Xenocentrism then stands in opposition to ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one's own culture or nation is superior to all others; those who show signs of ethnocentrism are said to experience a type of tunnel vision which places their culture or nation at the center of existence. a. For instance, some cultures have a strong tradition of female genital mutilation, and a person practicing cultural relativism may try to avoid judging that practice as harmful or as a violation of women's bodies. When considering harmful cultural traditions, it can be patronizing to use cultural relativism as an excuse for avoiding debate. b. Continue with Recommended Cookies. In psychology, ethnocentric behavior can occur when a researcher conducts a study in a particular culture and then states in their findings that their results can be generalized to all cultures. When visiting foreign countries, people often judge those foreign cultures by their own native cultural standards. Japanese Americans To a lesser extent, this same debate arises around the circumcision of baby boys in Western hospitals. answer choices A family immigrates to a new country, settles near others from their homeland, and conducts most of their day-to-day activities within their ethnic neighborhood.
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